Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 2
A horse can even doze on its feet: special locking joints in its legs hold it up without effort, so it is ready to run the moment it wakes, although it still lies down for short spells of deep sleep.
Who acts: horse, special locking joints, it · What happens: doze, lock, hold up, be, run, wake · To what, where: feet, horse, moment, deep sleep
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, special locking joints, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 horse | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 doze | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 doze | aux |
| 4 | even | even | ADV | _ | 5 doze | advmod |
| 5 | doze | doze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 feet | case |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 feet | nmod:poss |
| 8 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 doze | obl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 special | punct |
| 10 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 joints | amod |
| 11 | locking | lock | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 joints | compound |
| 12 | joints | joint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 doze | parataxis |
| 13 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 16 hold | mark |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 legs | nmod:poss |
| 15 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 joints | nmod |
| 16 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 joints | acl:relcl |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 hold | obj |
| 18 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 hold | compound:prt |
| 19 | without | without | ADP | _ | 20 effort | case |
| 20 | effort | effort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hold | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 ready | punct |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 ready | advmod |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 ready | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 ready | cop |
| 25 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 doze | conj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 run | mark |
| 27 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 ready | xcomp |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 moment | det |
| 29 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 run | obj |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 wakes | nsubj |
| 31 | wakes | wake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 moment | acl:relcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 lies | punct |
| 33 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 36 lies | mark |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 lies | nsubj |
| 35 | still | still | ADV | _ | 36 lies | advmod |
| 36 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 doze | advcl |
| 37 | down | down | ADP | _ | 36 lies | compound:prt |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 spells | case |
| 39 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 spells | amod |
| 40 | spells | spell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 lies | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 sleep | case |
| 42 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 sleep | amod |
| 43 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 spells | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 doze | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | doze | can | a horse | horse's feet | vn snooze-40.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | lock | gerund | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | hold up | present | special locking joints horse's legs not said here | horse | without effort | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | present | it | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | run | to-infinitive | moment | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | wake | present | horse | the moment not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent moment=Patient | ||||
| 7 | lie down | present | horse | still | for short spells of deep sleep | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 8 | spell | deep sleep | nom spell «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/2/