Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 3

Horses also have small stomachs and graze for most of the day, and they talk to each other mostly with their ears, eyes and bodies rather than with sounds.

Who acts: Horses, stomachs · What happens: have, graze, talk · To what, where: small stomachs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, stomachs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
2	also	also	ADV	_	3 have	advmod
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stomachs	amod
5	stomachs	stomach	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 graze	cc
7	graze	graze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 most	case
9	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 graze	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 day	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 day	det
12	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 most	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 talk	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 talk	cc
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 talk	nsubj
16	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
17	to	to	ADP	_	18 each	case
18	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	16 talk	obl
19	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 each	fixed
20	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	23 ears	advmod
21	with	with	ADP	_	23 ears	case
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 ears	nmod:poss
23	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 talk	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 eyes	punct
25	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 ears	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 bodies	cc
27	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 ears	conj
28	rather	rather	ADV	_	31 sounds	advmod
29	than	than	ADP	_	31 sounds	case
30	with	with	ADP	_	31 sounds	case
31	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 bodies	nmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	Horses	small stomachs		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stomach=Patient
2	graze	present	Horses not said here		for most of the day	vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	talk	present	stomachs = stomach		to each; with stomachs's ears and eyes and bodies than sounds	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/3/