Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 4

Horses can doze standing up because locking joints in their legs hold them without effort, but they must lie down for short periods to get deep sleep.

Who acts: Horses, joints · What happens: doze, stand up, lock, hold, lie down, get · To what, where: joints, legs, deep sleep

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, joints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 doze	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 doze	aux
3	doze	doze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	standing	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 doze	xcomp
5	up	up	ADV	_	4 standing	compound:prt
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 hold	mark
7	locking	lock	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 hold	nsubj
8	joints	joint	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 locking	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 legs	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 legs	nmod:poss
11	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 joints	nmod
12	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 doze	advcl
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 hold	obj
14	without	without	ADP	_	15 effort	case
15	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 hold	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 lie	punct
17	but	but	CCONJ	_	20 lie	cc
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 lie	nsubj
19	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 lie	aux
20	lie	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 doze	conj
21	down	down	ADP	_	20 lie	compound:prt
22	for	for	ADP	_	24 periods	case
23	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 periods	amod
24	periods	period	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 lie	obl
25	to	to	PART	_	26 get	mark
26	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 lie	advcl
27	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 sleep	amod
28	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 get	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 doze	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	doze	can	Horses				tree rules
2	stand up	gerund	Horses not said here				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	lock	gerund		joints	joints's legs		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joint=Patient
4	hold	present		joints = joint		without effort	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
5	lie down	must	joints = joint			for short periods	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	get	to-infinitive	joints = joint not said here	deep sleep			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sleep=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/4/