Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 6
Sugar lumps are bad for horses: too much sugar harms teeth and can bring on a painful foot illness, and a slice of apple or carrot held on a flat hand, so fingers do not get nipped by mistake, is a better treat.
Who acts: Sugar lumps, much sugar, mistake, slice · What happens: be, harm, bring on, hold, not nip, slice · To what, where: teeth, painful foot illness, slice, flat hand, fingers, better treat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sugar lumps, much sugar, mistake, slice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lumps | compound |
| 2 | lumps | lump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bad | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bad | cop |
| 4 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 horses | case |
| 6 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bad | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 bad | punct |
| 8 | too | too | ADV | _ | 9 much | advmod |
| 9 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 sugar | amod |
| 10 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 harms | nsubj |
| 11 | harms | harm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bad | parataxis |
| 12 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 harms | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 bring | cc |
| 14 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 bring | aux |
| 15 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 harms | conj |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 bring | compound:prt |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 illness | det |
| 18 | painful | painful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 illness | amod |
| 19 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 illness | compound |
| 20 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bring | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 treat | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 treat | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 slice | det |
| 24 | slice | slice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 treat | nsubj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 apple | case |
| 26 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 slice | nmod |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 carrot | cc |
| 28 | carrot | carrot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 apple | conj |
| 29 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 slice | acl |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 hand | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 hand | det |
| 32 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 hand | amod |
| 33 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 held | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 nipped | punct |
| 35 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 40 nipped | mark |
| 36 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 nipped | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 nipped | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 nipped | advmod |
| 39 | get | get | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 40 nipped | aux:pass |
| 40 | nipped | nip | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 held | conj |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 mistake | case |
| 42 | mistake | mistake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 nipped | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 treat | punct |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 treat | cop |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 treat | det |
| 46 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 47 treat | amod |
| 47 | treat | treat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bad | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bad | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Sugar lumps | for horses; bad property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | harm | present | much sugar | teeth | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus tooth=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | bring on | can | much sugar not said here | a painful foot illness | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent illness=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hold | participle | a slice of apple or carrot not said here | a flat hand | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hand=Location | ||||
| 5 | not nip | present · passive · do-support | mistake | fingers | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | is a | present | a slice of apple or carrot | a better treat | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | slice | apple or carrot | nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/6/