Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 7
A horse's eyes on the sides of its head let it see almost all round, but it has blind spots right in front of its nose and right behind it, so a horse surprised from behind may kick out in fright.
Who acts: eyes, horse · What happens: let, see, have, surprise, kick out · To what, where: horse, blind spots, front, fright
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 horse | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 horse | case |
| 4 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 let | nsubj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 sides | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sides | det |
| 7 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 eyes | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 head | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 head | nmod:poss |
| 10 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sides | nmod |
| 11 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 let | obj |
| 13 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 let | xcomp |
| 14 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 16 round | advmod |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 round | det |
| 16 | round | round | ADV | _ | 13 see | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 has | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 has | cc |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 has | nsubj |
| 20 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 let | conj |
| 21 | blind | blind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 spots | amod |
| 22 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 has | obj |
| 23 | right | right | ADV | _ | 25 front | advmod |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 front | case |
| 25 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 has | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 nose | case |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 nose | nmod:poss |
| 28 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 front | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 it | cc |
| 30 | right | right | ADV | _ | 32 it | advmod |
| 31 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 32 it | case |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 has | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 kick | punct |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 41 kick | advmod |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 horse | det |
| 36 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 kick | nsubj |
| 37 | surprised | surprise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 horse | acl |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 behind | case |
| 39 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 37 surprised | obl |
| 40 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 kick | aux |
| 41 | kick | kick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 let | conj |
| 42 | out | out | ADP | _ | 41 kick | compound:prt |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 fright | case |
| 44 | fright | fright | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 kick | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 let | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let | infinitive | a horse's eyes on the sides of horse's head | horse | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | infinitive | horse not said here | round property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | have | present | horse | blind spots | front of horse's nose | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | |||
| 4 | surprise | participle | a horse not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | kick out | may | a horse | fright | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/7/