Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules, sentence 13
Horses are flight animals that react first and think later, so they may snort and jump at a plastic bag, and calm, patient riders help them get used to scary things.
Who acts: Horses, flight animals, patient riders · What happens: be, react, think, snort, jump, help · To what, where: flight animals, plastic bag, horses
This is a sentence of the lesson «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, flight animals, patient riders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 animals | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 animals | cop |
| 3 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 animals | compound |
| 4 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 react | nsubj |
| 6 | react | react | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 animals | acl:relcl |
| 7 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 6 react | advmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 think | cc |
| 9 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 react | conj |
| 10 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 think | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 snort | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 snort | advmod |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 snort | nsubj |
| 14 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 snort | aux |
| 15 | snort | snort | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 think | parataxis |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 jump | cc |
| 17 | jump | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 snort | conj |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 bag | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 bag | det |
| 20 | plastic | plastic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 bag | amod |
| 21 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 jump | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 calm | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 calm | cc |
| 24 | calm | calm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 snort | parataxis |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 help | punct |
| 26 | patient | patient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 riders | amod |
| 27 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 help | nsubj |
| 28 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 calm | conj |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 help | obj |
| 30 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 help | xcomp |
| 31 | used | used | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 get | xcomp |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 things | case |
| 33 | scary | scary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 things | amod |
| 34 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 used | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 animals | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Horses | flight animals | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | react | present | flight animals | first property | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | present | flight animals not said here | late property | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | snort | may | horses = horse | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | jump | infinitive | horses = horse not said here | a plastic bag | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bag=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | help | present | patient riders | horses = horse | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 7 | get | infinitive | horses = horse not said here | used property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/13/