Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules, sentence 14

Donkeys are relatives of horses from dry desert lands, where a loud bray carries far; when worried, a donkey tends to freeze and think rather than run, which people call stubborn.

Who acts: Donkeys, loud bray, donkey, people · What happens: be, carry, tend, freeze, think, run · To what, where: relatives · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Donkeys, loud bray, donkey, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Donkeys	donkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 relatives	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 relatives	cop
3	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 horses	case
5	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 relatives	nmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 lands	case
7	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lands	amod
8	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lands	compound
9	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 horses	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 carries	punct
11	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	15 carries	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bray	det
13	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 bray	amod
14	bray	bray	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 carries	nsubj
15	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lands	acl:relcl
16	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 carries	advmod
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 worried	punct
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	19 worried	advmod
19	worried	worried	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 relatives	parataxis
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 tends	punct
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 donkey	det
22	donkey	donkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 tends	nsubj
23	tends	tend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 worried	advcl
24	to	to	PART	_	25 freeze	mark
25	freeze	freeze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 tends	xcomp
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 think	cc
27	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 freeze	conj
28	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	30 run	cc
29	than	than	ADP	_	28 rather	fixed
30	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 freeze	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 call	punct
32	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	34 call	obj
33	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 call	nsubj
34	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 run	parataxis
35	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 call	xcomp
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 relatives	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Donkeys	relatives	of horses from dry desert lands	tree rules
2	carry	present	a loud bray		far property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	tend	present	a donkey			tree rules
4	freeze	to-infinitive	a donkey not said here			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	think speech: other	infinitive	a donkey not said here			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	run	infinitive	a donkey not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	call	present	people		stubborn property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/14/