Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules, sentence 15

A mule is the baby of a male donkey and a female horse; mules are strong and sure-footed, but they almost never have babies of their own.

Who acts: mule, mules, horses · What happens: be, not have · To what, where: baby, babies

This is a sentence of the lesson «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mule, mules, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 mule	det
2	mule	mule	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 baby	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 baby	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 baby	det
5	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 donkey	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 donkey	det
8	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 donkey	amod
9	donkey	donkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 baby	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 horse	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 horse	det
12	female	female	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 horse	amod
13	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 donkey	conj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 strong	punct
15	mules	mule	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 strong	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 strong	cop
17	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 baby	parataxis
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 sure	cc
19	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 strong	conj
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 strong	punct
21	footed	footed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 strong	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 have	punct
23	but	but	CCONJ	_	27 have	cc
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 have	nsubj
25	almost	almost	ADV	_	27 have	advmod
26	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	27 have	advmod
27	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 baby	parataxis
28	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 have	obj
29	of	of	ADP	_	31 own	case
30	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 own	nmod:poss
31	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 babies	nmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 baby	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a mule	the baby	of a male donkey and a female horse	tree rules
2	is	present	mules		strong property	tree rules
3	be		mules not said here			tree rules
4	be		mules not said here			tree rules
5	not have	present	horses = horse	babies of horses's own	almost property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/15/