Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules, sentence 5
The soft V-shaped part under the hoof is called the frog; it absorbs shock and helps push blood back up the leg, and a stone stuck beside it can make a horse lame, so that it limps.
Who acts: part, stone · What happens: shape, call, absorb, help, push, stick · To what, where: soft shaped part, shock, blood, hoof, horse · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (part, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 part | det |
| 2 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 part | amod |
| 3 | V | v | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shaped | compound |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 V | punct |
| 5 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 part | amod |
| 6 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 called | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 hoof | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hoof | det |
| 9 | hoof | hoof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 part | nmod |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 called | aux:pass |
| 11 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 frog | det |
| 13 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 called | xcomp |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 absorbs | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 absorbs | nsubj |
| 16 | absorbs | absorb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 called | parataxis |
| 17 | shock | shock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 absorbs | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 helps | cc |
| 19 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 absorbs | conj |
| 20 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 helps | xcomp |
| 21 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 push | obj |
| 22 | back | back | ADV | _ | 20 push | advmod |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 25 leg | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 leg | det |
| 25 | leg | leg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 back | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 stone | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 stone | cc |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 stone | det |
| 29 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 called | conj |
| 30 | stuck | stick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 stone | acl |
| 31 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 34 make | mark |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 stuck | obl |
| 33 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 make | aux |
| 34 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 stuck | advcl |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 horse | det |
| 36 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 make | obj |
| 37 | lame | lame | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 make | xcomp |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 limps | punct |
| 39 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 42 limps | mark |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 42 limps | mark |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 limps | nsubj |
| 42 | limps | limp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 make | advcl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 called | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 2 | call speech: assert | present · passive | the soft shaped part under the hoof | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | absorb | present | part | shock | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal shock=Theme | ||||
| 4 | help | present | part not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | push | infinitive | part not said here | blood | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme | ||||
| 6 | stick | participle | a stone not said here | hoof | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 7 | make | can | a stone not said here | a horse | lame property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset horse=Product | |||
| 8 | limp | present | part | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/5/