Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules, sentence 6
Riders wear helmets on every horse, even a quiet pony, because any horse may spook (suddenly take fright) at a bag or a bird and throw its rider, and helmets prevent many serious head injuries.
Who acts: Riders, horse, helmets · What happens: wear, spook, take, throw, prevent · To what, where: helmets, bag, fright, rider, many serious head injuries
This is a sentence of the lesson «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Riders, horse, helmets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 wear | nsubj |
| 2 | wear | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | helmets | helmet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 wear | obj |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 horse | case |
| 5 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 horse | det |
| 6 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 wear | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 pony | punct |
| 8 | even | even | ADV | _ | 11 pony | advmod |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 pony | det |
| 10 | quiet | quiet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 pony | amod |
| 11 | pony | pony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 horse | appos |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 spook | punct |
| 13 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 17 spook | mark |
| 14 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 horse | det |
| 15 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spook | nsubj |
| 16 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 spook | aux |
| 17 | spook | spook | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 wear | advcl |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 take | punct |
| 19 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 20 take | advmod |
| 20 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 spook | parataxis |
| 21 | fright | fright | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 take | obj |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 take | punct |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 bag | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 bag | det |
| 25 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spook | obl |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 bird | cc |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 bird | det |
| 28 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bag | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 throw | cc |
| 30 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 spook | conj |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 rider | nmod:poss |
| 32 | rider | rider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 throw | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 prevent | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 prevent | cc |
| 35 | helmets | helmet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 prevent | nsubj |
| 36 | prevent | prevent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 spook | conj |
| 37 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 injuries | amod |
| 38 | serious | serious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 injuries | amod |
| 39 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 injuries | compound |
| 40 | injuries | injury | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 prevent | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 wear | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear | present | Riders | helmets | on every horse | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme | |||
| 2 | spook | may | any horse | a bag or a bird | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | take | infinitive | fright | suddenly property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fright=Theme | ||||
| 4 | throw | infinitive | any horse not said here | helmet's rider | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rider=Theme | ||||
| 5 | prevent | present | helmets | many serious head injuries | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer injury=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/6/