Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 19
The ancestors of elephants, around 55 million years ago, were pig-sized animals with no trunk.
Who acts: ancestors · What happens: size, be · To what, where: sized animals
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancestors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ancestors | det |
| 2 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 animals | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 elephants | case |
| 4 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 ancestors | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ago | punct |
| 6 | around | around | ADV | _ | 8 million | advmod |
| 7 | 55 | 55 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 million | compound |
| 8 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 16 animals | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ago | punct |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 animals | cop |
| 13 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sized | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 pig | punct |
| 15 | sized | size | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 animals | amod |
| 16 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 trunk | case |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 trunk | det |
| 19 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 animals | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 animals | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | size | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | is a | past | the ancestors of elephants | sized animals | with no trunk; ago property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/19/