Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 2
Picture the zoo: the elephant reaches down, pinches one peanut with the tip of its trunk, curls it up and pops it into its mouth, because a short neck and a huge head mean the mouth can't reach the ground.
Who acts: you, elephant, short neck, mouth · What happens: picture, reach down, pinch, curl up, pop, mean · To what, where: zoo, one peanut, elephant, mouth, ground · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, elephant, short neck, mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 zoo | det |
| 3 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 reaches | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 elephant | det |
| 6 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 reaches | nsubj |
| 7 | reaches | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 8 | down | down | ADV | _ | 7 reaches | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 pinches | punct |
| 10 | pinches | pinch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 reaches | conj |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 peanut | nummod |
| 12 | peanut | peanut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pinches | obj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 tip | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tip | det |
| 15 | tip | tip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pinches | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 trunk | case |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 trunk | nmod:poss |
| 18 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 tip | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 curls | punct |
| 20 | curls | curl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 curls | obj |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 20 curls | compound:prt |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 pops | cc |
| 24 | pops | pop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 curls | conj |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 pops | obj |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 28 mouth | case |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 28 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 pops | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 mean | punct |
| 30 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 38 mean | mark |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 neck | det |
| 32 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 neck | amod |
| 33 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 mean | nsubj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 head | cc |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 head | det |
| 36 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 head | amod |
| 37 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 neck | conj |
| 38 | mean | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Picture | conj |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 mouth | det |
| 40 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 reach | nsubj |
| 41 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 reach | aux |
| 42 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 reach | advmod |
| 43 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 mean | ccomp |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 ground | det |
| 45 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 reach | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | the zoo | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent zoo=Theme | ||||
| 2 | reach down | present | the elephant | down property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | pinch | present | the elephant not said here | one peanut | with the tip of elephant's trunk | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent peanut=Experiencer with tip=Instrument | |||
| 4 | curl up | present | elephant | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | |||||
| 5 | pop | present | elephant | into elephant's mouth result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent it=Patient into mouth=Result | ||||
| 6 | mean | infinitive | a short neck and a huge head | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | not reach | can | the mouth | the ground | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ground=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/2/