Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 7
An African elephant has two finger-like tips at the end of its trunk, and an Asian elephant has one, so it often curls its trunk round things to pick them up.
Who acts: African elephant, Asian elephant, elephant · What happens: have, curl, pick up · To what, where: two like tips, end, one, trunk
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African elephant, Asian elephant, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 elephant | det |
| 2 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 elephant | amod |
| 3 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 tips | nummod |
| 6 | finger | finger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 like | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 finger | punct |
| 8 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 tips | amod |
| 9 | tips | tip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 has | obj |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 end | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 end | det |
| 12 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 trunk | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 trunk | nmod:poss |
| 15 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 end | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 has | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 has | cc |
| 18 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 elephant | det |
| 19 | Asian | Asian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 elephant | amod |
| 20 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 has | nsubj |
| 21 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 has | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 curls | punct |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 curls | advmod |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 curls | nsubj |
| 26 | often | often | ADV | _ | 27 curls | advmod |
| 27 | curls | curl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 one | parataxis |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 trunk | nmod:poss |
| 29 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 curls | obj |
| 30 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 things | amod |
| 31 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 curls | obj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 pick | mark |
| 33 | pick | pick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 curls | advcl |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 pick | obj |
| 35 | up | up | ADP | _ | 33 pick | compound:prt |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a African elephant | two like tips | at the end of elephant's trunk | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tip=Patient | |||
| 2 | have | present | a Asian elephant | one | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | ||||
| 3 | curl | present | elephant | elephant's trunk | often property | vn rotate-51.9.1-1 «NP.agent V NP.theme NP.extent»: agent=Agent trunk=Theme thing=Extent | |||
| 4 | pick up | to-infinitive | elephant not said here | trunk | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/7/