Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 8
An adult elephant can hold about 8 litres of water in its trunk and then blows it into its mouth; it does not drink through it like a straw, and it drinks well over 100 litres a day.
Who acts: adult elephant, elephant · What happens: hold, blow, not drink, drink · To what, where: 8 litres, trunk, elephant, mouth, 100 litres
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (adult elephant, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 elephant | det |
| 2 | adult | adult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 elephant | amod |
| 3 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hold | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 hold | aux |
| 5 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 8 | advmod |
| 7 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 litres | nummod |
| 8 | litres | litre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hold | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 water | case |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 litres | nmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 trunk | case |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 trunk | nmod:poss |
| 13 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hold | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 blows | cc |
| 15 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 blows | advmod |
| 16 | blows | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hold | conj |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 blows | obj |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 20 mouth | case |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 20 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 blows | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 drink | punct |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 drink | nsubj |
| 23 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 drink | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 drink | advmod |
| 25 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 hold | parataxis |
| 26 | through | through | ADP | _ | 27 it | case |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 drink | obl |
| 28 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 straw | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 straw | det |
| 30 | straw | straw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 drink | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 drinks | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 drinks | cc |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 drinks | nsubj |
| 34 | drinks | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hold | conj |
| 35 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 34 drinks | advmod |
| 36 | over | over | ADP | _ | 38 litres | case |
| 37 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 litres | nummod |
| 38 | litres | litre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 drinks | obj |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 day | det |
| 40 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 drinks | obl:unmarked |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | can | a adult elephant | 8 litres of water | elephant's trunk | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent litre=Theme in trunk=Location | |||
| 2 | blow | present | a adult elephant not said here | elephant | elephant's mouth | then | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent it=Material into mouth=Product | ||
| 3 | not drink | present · do-support | elephant | mouth | like a straw | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | drink | present | elephant | 100 litres | day | well property | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/8/