Foxes and squirrels, sentence 12
Studies of grey squirrels found that when another squirrel is watching, a squirrel may pretend to bury a nut to fool the thief, which suggests it plans ahead.
Who acts: Studies, squirrel · What happens: find, watch, pretend, bury, fool, suggest · To what, where: nut, thief, grey squirrels · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Foxes and squirrels» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Studies, squirrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Studies | study | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 found | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 squirrels | case |
| 3 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 squirrels | amod |
| 4 | squirrels | squirrel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Studies | nmod |
| 5 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 pretend | mark |
| 7 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 11 watching | mark |
| 8 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 squirrel | det |
| 9 | squirrel | squirrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 watching | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 watching | aux |
| 11 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 pretend | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 watching | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 squirrel | det |
| 14 | squirrel | squirrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pretend | nsubj |
| 15 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 pretend | aux |
| 16 | pretend | pretend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 found | ccomp |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 bury | mark |
| 18 | bury | bury | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 pretend | xcomp |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 nut | det |
| 20 | nut | nut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 bury | obj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 fool | mark |
| 22 | fool | fool | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 bury | advcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 thief | det |
| 24 | thief | thief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 fool | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 suggests | punct |
| 26 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 suggests | nsubj |
| 27 | suggests | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 found | parataxis |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 plans | nsubj |
| 29 | plans | plan | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 suggests | ccomp |
| 30 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 29 plans | advmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 found | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | Studies of grey squirrels | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | watch | present · progressive | another squirrel | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | pretend | may | a squirrel | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | bury | to-infinitive | a squirrel not said here | a nut | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fool | to-infinitive | a squirrel not said here | the thief | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Patient | ||||
| 6 | suggest speech: suggest | present | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | plan | present | squirrel | ahead property | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | study | grey squirrels | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:215-foxes-and-squirrels.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/215-foxes-and-squirrels/12/