Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 13

Spreading the ears wide and shaking the head is a warning to stay back, and a wild elephant can run about 25 kilometres an hour.

Who acts: Spreading, wild elephant · What happens: spread, shake, be, stay back, run about · To what, where: ears, head, warning, 25 kilometres

This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spreading, wild elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spreading	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 warning	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 ears	det
3	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Spreading	obj
4	wide	wide	ADV	_	1 Spreading	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 shaking	cc
6	shaking	shake	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Spreading	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 head	det
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shaking	obj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 warning	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 warning	det
11	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	to	to	PART	_	13 stay	mark
13	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 warning	acl
14	back	back	ADV	_	13 stay	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 run	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 run	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 elephant	det
18	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 elephant	amod
19	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 run	nsubj
20	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 run	aux
21	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 warning	conj
22	about	about	ADV	_	23 25	advmod
23	25	25	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 kilometres	nummod
24	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 run	obj
25	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 hour	det
26	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 kilometres	nmod:unmarked
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 warning	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	spread	gerund		the ears	wide property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme
2	shake	gerund		the head		vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient
3	is a	present	Spreading	a warning		tree rules
4	stay back	to-infinitive				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	run about	can	a wild elephant	25 kilometres a hour		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kilometre=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/13/