Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 12

Elephant ears are full of blood vessels, and flapping them cools the blood; African elephants have much bigger ears than Asian elephants.

Who acts: Elephant ears, flapping, African elephants · What happens: be, flap, cool, have · To what, where: ears, blood, bigger ears

This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephant ears, flapping, African elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ears	compound
2	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 full	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 full	cop
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 vessels	case
6	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 vessels	compound
7	vessels	vessel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 full	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 cools	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 cools	cc
10	flapping	flap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 cools	csubj
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 flapping	obj
12	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 full	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 blood	det
14	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cools	obj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 have	punct
16	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 elephants	amod
17	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 have	nsubj
18	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 full	parataxis
19	much	much	ADV	_	20 bigger	advmod
20	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	21 ears	amod
21	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 have	obj
22	than	than	ADP	_	24 elephants	case
23	Asian	Asian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 elephants	amod
24	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 ears	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 full	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Elephant ears		of blood vessels; full property	tree rules
2	flap	gerund		ears = ear		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	cool	present	flapping	the blood		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent blood=Patient
4	have	present	African elephants	bigger ears	than Asian elephants	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/12/