Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 11

Poachers kill elephants for their tusks, and selling ivory is banned in most countries; where poachers killed many big-tusked elephants, more elephants are now born without tusks, because tuskless ones survived to have young.

Who acts: Poachers, selling, tuskless ones · What happens: kill, sell, ban, tusk, bear, survive · To what, where: elephants, ivory, most countries, many big tusked elephants, more elephants, young

This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poachers, selling, tuskless ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Poachers	poacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 kill	nsubj
2	kill	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 kill	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 tusks	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 tusks	nmod:poss
6	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 kill	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 banned	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 banned	cc
9	selling	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 banned	csubj:pass
10	ivory	ivory	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 selling	obj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 banned	aux:pass
12	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 kill	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 countries	case
14	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	15 countries	amod
15	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 banned	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 killed	punct
17	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	19 killed	advmod
18	poachers	poacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 killed	nsubj
19	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 banned	parataxis
20	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 elephants	amod
21	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 elephants	amod
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 big	punct
23	tusked	tusk	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 elephants	amod
24	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 killed	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 elephants	punct
26	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 elephants	amod
27	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 born	nsubj:pass
28	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 born	aux:pass
29	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	30 born	advmod
30	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 killed	ccomp
31	without	without	ADP	_	32 tusks	case
32	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 born	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 survived	punct
34	because	because	SCONJ	_	37 survived	mark
35	tuskless	tuskless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 ones	amod
36	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 survived	nsubj
37	survived	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 born	advcl
38	to	to	PART	_	39 have	mark
39	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 survived	xcomp
40	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 have	obj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 kill	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kill	present	Poachers	elephants			for Poachers's tusks	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme
2	sell	gerund		ivory				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ivory=Theme
3	ban	present · passive	selling		most countries			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»
4	kill	past	poachers	many big tusked elephants				tree rules
5	tusk	participle						tree rules
6	bear	present · passive		more elephants		now	without tusks	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
7	survive	past	tuskless ones					tree rules
8	have	to-infinitive	tuskless ones not said here	young				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/11/