Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 10
Elephants use their tusks to dig for water and salt, strip bark, move things and defend themselves.
Who acts: Elephants · What happens: use, dig, strip, move, defend · To what, where: tusks, bark, things
This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | nsubj |
| 2 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 tusks | nmod:poss |
| 4 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 dig | mark |
| 6 | dig | dig | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 use | advcl |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 water | case |
| 8 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dig | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 salt | cc |
| 10 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 water | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 strip | punct |
| 12 | strip | strip | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 dig | conj |
| 13 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 strip | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 move | punct |
| 15 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 dig | conj |
| 16 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 move | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 defend | cc |
| 18 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 dig | conj |
| 19 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 18 defend | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 use | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Elephants | teeth's tusks | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient | ||||
| 2 | dig | to-infinitive | Elephants not said here | for water and salt | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for water=Theme | ||||
| 3 | strip | infinitive | Elephants not said here | bark | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient | ||||
| 4 | move | infinitive | Elephants not said here | things | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | ||||
| 5 | defend | infinitive | Elephants not said here | Tusks = tusk | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/10/