Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth, sentence 1
A rat can squeeze through a hole about the size of a coin, swim through a pipe and hold its breath for minutes, and its front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws all the time, even through cables.
Who acts: rat, front teeth, breath · What happens: squeeze, swim, hold, not stop, grow, gnaw · To what, where: hole, pipe, breath, cables
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rat, front teeth, breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 rat | det |
| 2 | rat | rat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 squeeze | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 squeeze | aux |
| 4 | squeeze | squeeze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 hole | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hole | det |
| 7 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 squeeze | obl |
| 8 | about | about | ADP | _ | 10 size | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 size | det |
| 10 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hole | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 coin | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 coin | det |
| 13 | coin | coin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 size | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 swim | punct |
| 15 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 squeeze | conj |
| 16 | through | through | ADP | _ | 18 pipe | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 pipe | det |
| 18 | pipe | pipe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 swim | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 hold | cc |
| 20 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 squeeze | conj |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 breath | nmod:poss |
| 22 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hold | obj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 minutes | case |
| 24 | minutes | minute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 hold | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 stop | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 stop | cc |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 28 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 teeth | amod |
| 29 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 stop | nsubj |
| 30 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 31 stop | advmod |
| 31 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 squeeze | conj |
| 32 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 stop | xcomp |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 gnaws | punct |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 gnaws | advmod |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 gnaws | nsubj |
| 36 | gnaws | gnaw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 squeeze | parataxis |
| 37 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 time | det:predet |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 time | det |
| 39 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 gnaws | obl:unmarked |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 cables | punct |
| 41 | even | even | ADV | _ | 43 cables | advmod |
| 42 | through | through | ADP | _ | 43 cables | case |
| 43 | cables | cable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 gnaws | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 squeeze | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | squeeze | can | a rat | a hole about the size of a coin | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through hole=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | swim | infinitive | a rat not said here | a pipe | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pipe=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | hold | infinitive | a rat not said here | pipe's breath | minute | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | |||
| 4 | not stop | present | breath's front teeth | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | grow | gerund | breath's front teeth not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | gnaw | present | breath | cables | time | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/1/