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Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth, sentence 1

A rat can squeeze through a hole about the size of a coin, swim through a pipe and hold its breath for minutes, and its front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws all the time, even through cables.

Who acts: rat, front teeth, breath · What happens: squeeze, swim, hold, not stop, grow, gnaw · To what, where: hole, pipe, breath, cables

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rat, front teeth, breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

detnsubjauxcasedetoblcasedetnmodcasedetnmodpunctconjcasedetoblccconjnmod:possobjcaseoblpunctccnmod:possamodnsubjadvmodconjxcomppunctadvmodnsubjparataxisdet:predetdetobl:unmarkedpunctadvmodcaseoblpunctrootADETratNOUNcanAUXsqueezeVERBthroughADPaDETholeNOUNaboutADPtheDETsizeNOUNofADPaDETcoinNOUN,PUNCTswimVERBthroughADPaDETpipeNOUNandCCONJholdVERBitsPRONbreathNOUNforADPminutesNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJitsPRONfrontADJteethNOUNneverADVstopVERBgrowingVERB,PUNCTsoADVitPRONgnawsVERBallDETtheDETtimeNOUN,PUNCTevenADVthroughADPcablesNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art2 ratdet
2ratratNOUNNumber=Sing4 squeezensubj
3cancanAUXVerbForm=Fin4 squeezeaux
4squeezesqueezeVERBVerbForm=Infrootroot
5throughthroughADP_7 holecase
6aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art7 holedet
7holeholeNOUNNumber=Sing4 squeezeobl
8aboutaboutADP_10 sizecase
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 sizedet
10sizesizeNOUNNumber=Sing7 holenmod
11ofofADP_13 coincase
12aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art13 coindet
13coincoinNOUNNumber=Sing10 sizenmod
14,,PUNCT_15 swimpunct
15swimswimVERBVerbForm=Inf4 squeezeconj
16throughthroughADP_18 pipecase
17aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art18 pipedet
18pipepipeNOUNNumber=Sing15 swimobl
19andandCCONJ_20 holdcc
20holdholdVERBVerbForm=Inf4 squeezeconj
21itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs22 breathnmod:poss
22breathbreathNOUNNumber=Sing20 holdobj
23forforADP_24 minutescase
24minutesminuteNOUNNumber=Plur20 holdobl
25,,PUNCT_31 stoppunct
26andandCCONJ_31 stopcc
27itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs29 teethnmod:poss
28frontfrontADJDegree=Pos29 teethamod
29teethtoothNOUNNumber=Plur31 stopnsubj
30neverneverADVPronType=Neg31 stopadvmod
31stopstopVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 squeezeconj
32growinggrowVERBVerbForm=Ger31 stopxcomp
33,,PUNCT_36 gnawspunct
34sosoADV_36 gnawsadvmod
35ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs36 gnawsnsubj
36gnawsgnawVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 squeezeparataxis
37allallDETPronType=Tot39 timedet:predet
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 timedet
39timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing36 gnawsobl:unmarked
40,,PUNCT_43 cablespunct
41evenevenADV_43 cablesadvmod
42throughthroughADP_43 cablescase
43cablescableNOUNNumber=Plur36 gnawsobl
44..PUNCT_4 squeezepunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1squeezecana rata hole about the size of a coinvn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through hole=Trajectory
2swiminfinitivea rat not said herea pipevn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pipe=Trajectory
3holdinfinitivea rat not said herepipe's breathminutevn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
4not stoppresentbreath's front teethvn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
5growgerundbreath's front teeth not said herevn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6gnawpresentbreathcablestimevn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/1/