Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth, sentence 13

A rat's front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws to keep them short; the teeth are tough enough to chew through wood, plastic and cables.

Who acts: front teeth, food, teeth · What happens: not stop, grow, gnaw, keep, be, chew · To what, where: rats, wood

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (front teeth, food, teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rat	det
2	rat	rat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 teeth	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 rat	case
4	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 teeth	amod
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 stop	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 stop	advmod
7	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 stop	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 gnaws	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 gnaws	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 gnaws	nsubj
12	gnaws	gnaw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 stop	parataxis
13	to	to	PART	_	14 keep	mark
14	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 gnaws	advcl
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 keep	obj
16	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 keep	xcomp
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 tough	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 teeth	det
19	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 tough	nsubj
20	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 tough	cop
21	tough	tough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stop	parataxis
22	enough	enough	ADV	_	21 tough	advmod
23	to	to	PART	_	24 chew	mark
24	chew	chew	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 tough	advcl
25	through	through	ADP	_	26 wood	case
26	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 chew	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 plastic	punct
28	plastic	plastic	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 wood	conj
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 cables	cc
30	cables	cable	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 wood	conj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 stop	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not stop	present	a rat's front teeth				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	grow	gerund	a rat's front teeth not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	gnaw	present	food				vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	keep	to-infinitive	food not said here	rats = rat		short property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
5	is	present	the teeth			enough, tough property	tree rules
6	chew	to-infinitive	the teeth not said here		wood and plastic and cables		vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/13/