Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 0
Shout «hello» in a big empty hall and a moment later the walls shout it back: that returning sound is an echo.
Who acts: you, walls, returning sound · What happens: shout, shout back, return, be · To what, where: big empty hall, hall, echo
This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, walls, returning sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shout | shout | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 3 hello | punct |
| 3 | hello | hello | INTJ | _ | 1 Shout | obj |
| 4 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 3 hello | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 hall | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 hall | det |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hall | amod |
| 8 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hall | amod |
| 9 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Shout | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 shout | cc |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 moment | det |
| 12 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 later | obl:unmarked |
| 13 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 16 shout | advmod |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 walls | det |
| 15 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 shout | nsubj |
| 16 | shout | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Shout | conj |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 shout | obj |
| 18 | back | back | ADV | _ | 16 shout | advmod |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 1 Shout | punct |
| 20 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 sound | det |
| 21 | returning | return | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 sound | amod |
| 22 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 echo | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 echo | cop |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 echo | det |
| 25 | echo | echo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Shout | parataxis |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Shout | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shout speech: express | imperative | you not said here | a big empty hall | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hello=Topic | ||||
| 2 | shout back speech: express | present | the walls | hall | late property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | |||
| 3 | return | gerund | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | is a | present | that returning sound | a echo | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/0/