Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 1
A hunting bat does the same trick hundreds of times a second, with squeaks far too high for us to hear, and listens to the echoes.
Who acts: hunting bat, us · What happens: do, hear, listen · To what, where: same trick
This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunting bat, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 bat | det |
| 2 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bat | compound |
| 3 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 does | nsubj |
| 4 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 trick | det |
| 6 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 trick | amod |
| 7 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 does | obj |
| 8 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 does | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 times | case |
| 10 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 hundreds | nmod |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 second | det |
| 12 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 times | nmod:unmarked |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 high | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 squeaks | case |
| 15 | squeaks | squeak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 does | obl |
| 16 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 high | advmod |
| 17 | too | too | ADV | _ | 18 high | advmod |
| 18 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 squeaks | acl |
| 19 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 22 hear | mark |
| 20 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 hear | nsubj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 hear | mark |
| 22 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 high | advcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 listens | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 listens | cc |
| 25 | listens | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 does | conj |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 echoes | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 echoes | det |
| 28 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 listens | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 does | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present | a hunting bat | the same trick | with squeaks | tree rules | |||
| 2 | hear | to-infinitive | us | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | listen | present | a hunting bat not said here | to the echoes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/1/