Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 2

From the echo the bat's brain works out how far away a moth is, which way it is flying and even how big it is, so it «sees» with its ears.

Who acts: brain, moth · What happens: work out, be, fly, see · To what, where: echo, way

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brain, moth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 echo	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 echo	det
3	echo	echo	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 works	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bat	det
5	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 brain	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 bat	case
7	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 works	nsubj
8	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	out	out	ADP	_	8 works	compound:prt
10	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	11 far	advmod
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 away	advmod
12	away	away	ADV	_	15 is	advmod
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 moth	det
14	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 is	nsubj
15	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 works	ccomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 flying	punct
17	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	18 way	det
18	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 flying	obl:unmarked
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 flying	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 flying	aux
21	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 works	conj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 big	cc
23	even	even	ADV	_	25 big	advmod
24	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	25 big	advmod
25	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 flying	conj
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 big	nsubj
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 big	cop
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 sees	punct
29	so	so	ADV	_	32 sees	advmod
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 sees	nsubj
31	«	«	PUNCT	_	32 sees	punct
32	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 flying	advcl
33	»	»	PUNCT	_	32 sees	punct
34	with	with	ADP	_	36 ears	case
35	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	36 ears	nmod:poss
36	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 sees	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 works	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	work out	present	the bat's brain		the echo		vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	be	present	a moth			away property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	fly	present · progressive	moth	which way			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	is	present	moth			big property	tree rules
5	see in a quote	present	moth			with bat's ears	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/2/