Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 15

Some people say dolphins can tell if a woman is going to have a baby by echoes; dolphin clicks do pass a little way into a body, but this has not been properly proven.

Who acts: people, dolphins, woman, dolphin clicks · What happens: say, tell, go, have, pass, not prove · To what, where: baby, little way, body, this · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, dolphins, woman, dolphin clicks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 people	det
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 say	nsubj
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tell	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 tell	aux
6	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 say	ccomp
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	11 going	mark
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 woman	det
9	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 going	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 going	aux
11	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 tell	ccomp
12	to	to	PART	_	13 have	mark
13	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 going	xcomp
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 baby	det
15	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 have	obj
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 echoes	case
17	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 have	obl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 pass	punct
19	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 clicks	compound
20	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 pass	nsubj
21	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 pass	aux
22	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 say	ccomp
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 way	det
24	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 way	amod
25	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 pass	obj
26	into	into	ADP	_	28 body	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 body	det
28	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 way	nmod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 proven	punct
30	but	but	CCONJ	_	36 proven	cc
31	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	36 proven	nsubj
32	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 proven	aux
33	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	36 proven	advmod
34	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	36 proven	aux:pass
35	properly	properly	ADV	_	36 proven	advmod
36	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 pass	conj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	some people				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	tell speech: assert	can	dolphins				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	go a condition, not said to happen	present · progressive	a woman				vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	have	to-infinitive	a woman not said here	a baby		by echoes	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient
5	pass	present · do-support	dolphin clicks	a little way	a body		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent way=Theme into body=Destination
6	not prove	present · perfect · passive		this		properly property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/15/