Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 14

Toothed whales like dolphins, orcas and sperm whales echolocate; baleen whales like the blue whale and humpback do not seem to, because they gulp huge mouthfuls of tiny krill instead of chasing single fast prey.

Who acts: Toothed whales, baleen whales, whales · What happens: echolocate, not seem, gulp, chase · To what, where: huge mouthfuls, single fast prey

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toothed whales, baleen whales, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toothed	tooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 whales	amod
2	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 echolocate	nsubj
3	like	like	ADP	_	4 dolphins	case
4	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 whales	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 orcas	punct
6	orcas	orca	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dolphins	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 whales	cc
8	sperm	sperm	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 whales	compound
9	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 whales	conj
10	echolocate	echolocate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 seem	parataxis
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 whales	punct
12	baleen	baleen	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 whales	compound
13	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 seem	nsubj
14	like	like	ADP	_	17 whale	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 whale	det
16	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 whale	amod
17	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 whales	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 humpback	cc
19	humpback	humpback	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 whale	conj
20	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 seem	aux
21	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	22 seem	advmod
22	seem	seem	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
23	to	to	PART	_	22 seem	xcomp
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 gulp	punct
25	because	because	SCONJ	_	27 gulp	mark
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 gulp	nsubj
27	gulp	gulp	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 seem	advcl
28	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 mouthfuls	amod
29	mouthfuls	mouthful	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 gulp	obj
30	of	of	ADP	_	32 krill	case
31	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 krill	amod
32	krill	krill	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 mouthfuls	nmod
33	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	35 chasing	mark
34	of	of	ADP	_	33 instead	fixed
35	chasing	chase	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 gulp	advcl
36	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 prey	amod
37	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 prey	amod
38	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 chasing	obj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 echolocate	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	echolocate	present	Toothed whales like dolphins and orcas and sperm whales		tree rules
2	not seem	present · do-support	baleen whales like the blue whale and humpback		vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
3	gulp	present	whales = whale	huge mouthfuls of tiny krill	vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouthful=Patient
4	chase	gerund	whales = whale not said here	single fast prey	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/14/