Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 6
Sperm whales hunt squid more than a kilometre down in total darkness with clicks that are among the loudest sounds any animal makes.
Who acts: Sperm whales, clicks, animal · What happens: hunt, be, make · To what, where: squid, total darkness, loudest sounds
This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sperm whales, clicks, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sperm | sperm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 whales | compound |
| 2 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hunt | nsubj |
| 3 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | squid | squid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hunt | obj |
| 5 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 hunt | advmod |
| 6 | than | than | ADP | _ | 8 kilometre | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 kilometre | det |
| 8 | kilometre | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 down | obl |
| 9 | down | down | ADV | _ | 3 hunt | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 darkness | case |
| 11 | total | total | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 darkness | amod |
| 12 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hunt | obl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 clicks | case |
| 14 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hunt | obl |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 sounds | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 sounds | cop |
| 17 | among | among | ADP | _ | 20 sounds | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sounds | det |
| 19 | loudest | loud | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 20 sounds | amod |
| 20 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 clicks | acl:relcl |
| 21 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 22 animal | det |
| 22 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 makes | nsubj |
| 23 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 sounds | acl:relcl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hunt | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | present | Sperm whales | squid | total darkness | with clicks; down property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent squid=Theme in darkness=Location | ||
| 2 | is | present | clicks | among the loudest sounds | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | make | present | any animal | the loudest sounds not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/6/