Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 7
Sonar sends a ping and times the echo; sound travels about four times faster in water than in air.
Who acts: Sonar, sound · What happens: send, time, travel · To what, where: ping, echo
This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sonar, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sonar | sonar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 sends | nsubj |
| 2 | sends | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 ping | det |
| 4 | ping | ping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 sends | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 times | cc |
| 6 | times | time | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 sends | conj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 echo | det |
| 8 | echo | echo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 times | obj |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 sound | punct |
| 10 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 travels | nsubj |
| 11 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 sends | parataxis |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 four | advmod |
| 13 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 times | nummod |
| 14 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 faster | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 11 travels | advmod |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 water | case |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 faster | obl |
| 18 | than | than | ADP | _ | 20 air | case |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 air | case |
| 20 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 faster | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 sends | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | present | Sonar | a ping | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ping=Theme | ||||
| 2 | time | present | Sonar not said here | the echo | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Theme | ||||
| 3 | travel | present | sound | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/7/