Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 9

Some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America click to find their way in pitch-black caves, with clicks low enough for people to hear.

Who acts: cave swiftlets, people · What happens: click, find, hear · To what, where: way, pitch black caves

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cave swiftlets, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 swiftlets	det
2	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swiftlets	compound
3	swiftlets	swiftlet	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 click	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Asia	case
5	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 swiftlets	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 oilbird	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 oilbird	det
8	oilbird	oilbird	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swiftlets	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 America	case
10	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 America	compound
11	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 oilbird	nmod
12	click	click	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	to	to	PART	_	14 find	mark
14	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 click	advcl
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 way	nmod:poss
16	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 find	obj
17	in	in	ADP	_	21 caves	case
18	pitch	pitch	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 caves	compound
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 pitch	punct
20	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 caves	amod
21	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 find	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 clicks	punct
23	with	with	ADP	_	24 clicks	case
24	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 click	obl
25	low	low	ADV	Degree=Pos	24 clicks	advmod
26	enough	enough	ADV	_	25 low	advmod
27	for	for	SCONJ	_	30 hear	mark
28	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 hear	nsubj
29	to	to	PART	_	30 hear	mark
30	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 low	advcl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 click	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	click	present	some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America			with clicks	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with click=Theme
2	find	to-infinitive	some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America not said here	swiftlets's way	pitch black caves		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic
3	hear	to-infinitive	people				vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/9/