Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees, sentence 3
Some animals go further and make their own electricity: the electric eel stacks thousands of special cells like little batteries in a row and can give a shock strong enough to light a bulb.
Who acts: animals, electric eel, heartbeat · What happens: go, make, stack, give, light, electrify · To what, where: own electricity, thousands, shock, bulb
This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, electric eel, heartbeat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 animals | det |
| 2 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 go | nsubj |
| 3 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | further | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 go | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 make | cc |
| 6 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 go | conj |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 electricity | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 electricity | amod |
| 9 | electricity | electricity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 thousands | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 eel | det |
| 12 | electric | electric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 eel | amod |
| 13 | eel | eel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stacks | nsubj |
| 14 | stacks | stack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 go | parataxis |
| 15 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 stacks | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 cells | case |
| 17 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 cells | amod |
| 18 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 thousands | nmod |
| 19 | like | like | ADP | _ | 21 batteries | case |
| 20 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 batteries | amod |
| 21 | batteries | battery | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 cells | nmod |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 row | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 row | det |
| 24 | row | row | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 batteries | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 give | cc |
| 26 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 give | aux |
| 27 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 stacks | conj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 shock | det |
| 29 | shock | shock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 give | obj |
| 30 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 shock | amod |
| 31 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 30 strong | advmod |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 light | mark |
| 33 | light | light | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 strong | advcl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 bulb | det |
| 35 | bulb | bulb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 light | obj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 go | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | some animals | far property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | present | some animals not said here | heartbeat's own electricity | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product | ||||
| 3 | stack | present | the electric eel | thousands of special cells like little batteries in a row | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme | ||||
| 4 | give | can | the electric eel not said here | a shock | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shock=Theme | ||||
| 5 | light | to-infinitive | the electric eel not said here | a bulb | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulb=Product | ||||
| 6 | electrify | heartbeat | nom electricity «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/3/