Hidden senses: magnetic birds and turtles, ultraviolet bees, heat-seeing snakes, whiskers and lateral lines, sentence 13
A cat's eyes seem to glow in the dark because a shiny layer at the back of the eye reflects light that comes in; no eye makes its own light.
Who acts: eyes, shiny layer, light, eye, layer · What happens: seem, glow, reflect, come in, make, light · To what, where: dark, light, own light
This is a sentence of the lesson «Hidden senses: magnetic birds and turtles, ultraviolet bees, heat-seeing snakes, whiskers and lateral lines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, shiny layer, light, eye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cat | det |
| 2 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 cat | case |
| 4 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 seem | nsubj |
| 5 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 glow | mark |
| 7 | glow | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 seem | xcomp |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 dark | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 dark | det |
| 10 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 glow | obl |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 21 reflects | mark |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 layer | det |
| 13 | shiny | shiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 layer | amod |
| 14 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 reflects | nsubj |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 back | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 back | det |
| 17 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 layer | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 eye | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 eye | det |
| 20 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 back | nmod |
| 21 | reflects | reflect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 glow | advcl |
| 22 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 reflects | obj |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 comes | nsubj |
| 24 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 light | acl:relcl |
| 25 | in | in | ADV | _ | 24 comes | advmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 makes | punct |
| 27 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 28 eye | det |
| 28 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 makes | nsubj |
| 29 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 seem | parataxis |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 light | nmod:poss |
| 31 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 light | amod |
| 32 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 makes | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 seem | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present | a cat's eyes | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | glow | to-infinitive | a cat's eyes not said here | the dark | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location | ||||
| 3 | reflect | present | a shiny layer at the back of the eye | light | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | come in | present | light | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | make | present | no eye | layer's own light | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product | ||||
| 6 | light | layer | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:232-hidden-senses-magnetic-birds-ultraviolet-bees-heat-seeing-snakes.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/232-hidden-senses-magnetic-birds-ultraviolet-bees-heat-seeing-snakes/13/