Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots, sentence 13
Keas, mountain parrots of New Zealand, are very curious puzzle solvers, because food is scarce high in the mountains and exploring everything pays off, and are known for pulling rubber off parked cars.
Who acts: Keas, food · What happens: be, explore, pay off, know, pull, park · To what, where: curious puzzle solvers, mountains, everything, rubber, parked cars
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keas, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Keas | kea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 solvers | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 parrots | punct |
| 3 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 parrots | compound |
| 4 | parrots | parrot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Keas | appos |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Zealand | case |
| 6 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Zealand | flat |
| 7 | Zealand | Zealand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 parrots | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Keas | punct |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 solvers | cop |
| 10 | very | very | ADV | _ | 11 curious | advmod |
| 11 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 solvers | amod |
| 12 | puzzle | puzzle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 solvers | compound |
| 13 | solvers | solver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 known | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 high | punct |
| 15 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 19 high | mark |
| 16 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 high | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 high | cop |
| 18 | scarce | scarce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 high | amod |
| 19 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 solvers | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 mountains | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 mountains | det |
| 22 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 high | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 pays | cc |
| 24 | exploring | explore | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 pays | nsubj |
| 25 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 24 exploring | obj |
| 26 | pays | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 high | conj |
| 27 | off | off | ADP | _ | 26 pays | compound:prt |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 known | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 known | cc |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 known | aux:pass |
| 31 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 32 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 33 pulling | mark |
| 33 | pulling | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 known | advcl |
| 34 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 pulling | obj |
| 35 | off | off | ADP | _ | 37 cars | case |
| 36 | parked | park | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 cars | amod |
| 37 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 pulling | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 solvers | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Keas | curious puzzle solvers | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | food | the mountains | high property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | explore | gerund | everything | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent everything=Location | |||||
| 4 | pay off | present | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | know | present · passive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V» | ||||||
| 6 | pull | gerund | rubber | parked cars | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent rubber=Theme off car=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | park | participle | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/13/