Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots, sentence 14
Some magpies tried to remove a mark they could only see in a mirror, which suggests they recognise themselves, though the mirror test is argued about.
Who acts: magpies, mirror · What happens: try, remove, see, suggest, recognise, argue · To what, where: mark, mirror, magpies, mirror test · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (magpies, mirror), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 magpies | det |
| 2 | magpies | magpie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tried | nsubj |
| 3 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 remove | mark |
| 5 | remove | remove | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 tried | xcomp |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 mark | det |
| 7 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 remove | obj |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 see | nsubj |
| 9 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 see | aux |
| 10 | only | only | ADV | _ | 11 see | advmod |
| 11 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 mark | acl:relcl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 mirror | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 mirror | det |
| 14 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 see | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 suggests | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 suggests | nsubj |
| 17 | suggests | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 mirror | acl:relcl |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 recognise | nsubj |
| 19 | recognise | recognise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 suggests | ccomp |
| 20 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 recognise | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 argued | punct |
| 22 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 27 argued | mark |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 test | det |
| 24 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 test | compound |
| 25 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 argued | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 argued | aux:pass |
| 27 | argued | argue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 tried | advcl |
| 28 | about | about | ADP | _ | 27 argued | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tried | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | try | past | some magpies | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | remove not said to happen | to-infinitive | some magpies not said here | a mark | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | could | magpies = magpie | a mark not said here | a mirror | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mark=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | suggest speech: suggest | present | a mirror | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | recognise | present | magpies = magpie | magpies = magpie | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | argue speech: disagree | present · passive | the mirror test | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/14/