Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots, sentence 2
Watch a crow at a car park: it may drop a hard nut where cars drive over it, wait, and then hop out to eat the cracked nut.
Who acts: you, crow, cars · What happens: watch, drop, drive, wait, hop out, eat · To what, where: crow, car park, hard nut, cracked nut
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, crow, cars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Watch | watch | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 crow | det |
| 3 | crow | crow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Watch | obj |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 park | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 park | det |
| 6 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 park | compound |
| 7 | park | park | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Watch | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 drop | punct |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 drop | nsubj |
| 10 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 drop | aux |
| 11 | drop | drop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Watch | parataxis |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 nut | det |
| 13 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 nut | amod |
| 14 | nut | nut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 drop | obj |
| 15 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 drive | advmod |
| 16 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 drive | nsubj |
| 17 | drive | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 nut | acl:relcl |
| 18 | over | over | ADP | _ | 19 it | case |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 drive | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 wait | punct |
| 21 | wait | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 drop | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 hop | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 hop | cc |
| 24 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 hop | advmod |
| 25 | hop | hop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 drop | conj |
| 26 | out | out | ADV | _ | 25 hop | advmod |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 eat | mark |
| 28 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 hop | advcl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 nut | det |
| 30 | cracked | crack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 nut | amod |
| 31 | nut | nut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 eat | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Watch | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | imperative | you not said here | a crow | a car park | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crow=Theme | |||
| 2 | drop | may | crow | a hard nut | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme | ||||
| 3 | drive | present | cars | over crow | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over it=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | wait | infinitive | crow not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | hop out | infinitive | crow not said here | then | out property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 6 | eat | to-infinitive | crow not said here | the cracked nut | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Patient | ||||
| 7 | crack | participle | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/2/