Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 10

Male humpbacks sing long songs that can last 20 minutes and be repeated for hours, and the song slowly changes over the years and spreads across oceans.

Who acts: Male humpbacks, long songs, song · What happens: sing, last, repeat, change, spread · To what, where: long songs, oceans

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male humpbacks, long songs, song), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 humpbacks	amod
2	humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sing	nsubj
3	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 songs	amod
5	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sing	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 last	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 last	aux
8	last	last	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 songs	acl:relcl
9	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 minutes	nummod
10	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 last	obl:unmarked
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 repeated	cc
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 repeated	aux:pass
13	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 last	conj
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 hours	case
15	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 repeated	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 changes	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 changes	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 song	det
19	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 changes	nsubj
20	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	21 changes	advmod
21	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sing	conj
22	over	over	ADP	_	24 years	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 years	det
24	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 changes	obl
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 spreads	cc
26	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 changes	conj
27	across	across	ADP	_	28 oceans	case
28	oceans	ocean	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 spreads	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sing	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	Male humpbacks	long songs				vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
2	last	can	long songs			minute		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
3	repeat	infinitive · passive	long songs not said here			hour		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»
4	change	present	the song			year	slowly property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	spread	present	the song not said here		oceans			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across ocean=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/10/