Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 9
Orca groups are led by old grandmothers who can live 80 or even 90 years and remember where salmon are in bad years.
Who acts: old grandmothers, salmon · What happens: lead, live, remember, be · To what, where: Orca groups
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old grandmothers, salmon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Orca | orca | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 groups | compound |
| 2 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 led | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 led | aux:pass |
| 4 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 grandmothers | case |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 grandmothers | amod |
| 7 | grandmothers | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 led | obl |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 live | nsubj |
| 9 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 live | aux |
| 10 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 grandmothers | acl:relcl |
| 11 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 years | nummod |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 90 | cc |
| 13 | even | even | ADV | _ | 14 90 | advmod |
| 14 | 90 | 90 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 80 | conj |
| 15 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 live | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 remember | cc |
| 17 | remember | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 live | conj |
| 18 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 23 years | advmod |
| 19 | salmon | salmon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 years | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 years | cop |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 years | case |
| 22 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 years | amod |
| 23 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 remember | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 led | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | present · passive | old grandmothers | Orca groups | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | live | can | old grandmothers | year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | remember | present | old grandmothers not said here | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | present | salmon | in bad years | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/9/