Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 4
Each bottlenose dolphin has its own signature whistle, invented as a calf, which others copy to call it, and dolphins remember old friends' whistles for over 20 years.
Who acts: bottlenose dolphin, others, dolphins, way, old friends · What happens: have, invent, copy, call, remember, whistle · To what, where: own signature whistle, calf, whistle, whistles · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bottlenose dolphin, others, dolphins, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 dolphin | det |
| 2 | bottlenose | bottlenose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dolphin | compound |
| 3 | dolphin | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 whistle | nmod:poss |
| 6 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 whistle | amod |
| 7 | signature | signature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 whistle | compound |
| 8 | whistle | whistle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 invented | punct |
| 10 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 whistle | acl |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 calf | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 calf | det |
| 13 | calf | calf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 invented | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 copy | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 copy | obj |
| 16 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 copy | nsubj |
| 17 | copy | copy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 calf | acl:relcl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 call | mark |
| 19 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 copy | xcomp |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 call | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 remember | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 remember | cc |
| 23 | dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 remember | nsubj |
| 24 | remember | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 25 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 friends | amod |
| 26 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 whistles | nmod:poss |
| 27 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 26 friends | case |
| 28 | whistles | whistle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 remember | obj |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 30 | over | over | ADV | _ | 31 20 | advmod |
| 31 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 years | nummod |
| 32 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 remember | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | each bottlenose dolphin | way's own signature whistle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whistle=Patient | ||||
| 2 | invent | participle | way's own signature whistle not said here | as a calf | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as calf=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | copy | present | others | a calf | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | call | to-infinitive | others not said here | whistle | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | remember | present | dolphins | old friends's whistles | year | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent whistle=Theme | |||
| 6 | whistle | way | nom whistle «event intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | whistle | old friends | nom whistle «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/4/