Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 5
Dolphins hunt as a team, herding fish into a tight bait ball and taking turns to dive through it; some in Florida slap mud rings so fish jump into their mouths.
Who acts: Dolphins, some, fish · What happens: hunt, herd, take, dive, slap, jump · To what, where: fish, turns, ball, mud rings, mouths
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dolphins, some, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hunt | nsubj |
| 2 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | as | as | ADP | _ | 5 team | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 team | det |
| 5 | team | team | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hunt | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 herding | punct |
| 7 | herding | herd | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 hunt | advcl |
| 8 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 herding | obj |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 ball | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 ball | det |
| 11 | tight | tight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 ball | amod |
| 12 | bait | bait | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ball | compound |
| 13 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 herding | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 taking | cc |
| 15 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 herding | conj |
| 16 | turns | turn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 taking | obj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 dive | mark |
| 18 | dive | dive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 turns | acl |
| 19 | through | through | ADP | _ | 20 it | case |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 dive | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 jump | punct |
| 22 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 slap | nsubj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 Florida | case |
| 24 | Florida | Florida | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 some | nmod |
| 25 | slap | slap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 hunt | parataxis |
| 26 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 rings | compound |
| 27 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 slap | obj |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 jump | advmod |
| 29 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 jump | nsubj |
| 30 | jump | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 slap | advcl |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 33 mouths | case |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 mouths | nmod:poss |
| 33 | mouths | mouth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 jump | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hunt | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | present | Dolphins | as a team | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | herd | gerund | Dolphins not said here | fish | into a tight bait ball | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient into ball=Co-Patient | |||
| 3 | take | gerund | Dolphins not said here | turns | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Theme | ||||
| 4 | dive | to-infinitive | Dolphins not said here | turns not said here | ball | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through it=Location | |||
| 5 | slap | present | some | mud rings | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Patient | ||||
| 6 | jump | present | fish | into Dolphins's mouths result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into mouth=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/5/