Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 6
In Shark Bay, Australia, some dolphins wear sea sponges on their snouts to protect them while they poke in the sand, and mothers pass the trick to their young; a habit learned from others is called culture.
Who acts: dolphins, mothers · What happens: wear, protect, poke, pass, learn, call · To what, where: sea sponges, Shark Bay, Dolphins, sand, trick, young · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dolphins, mothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 Bay | case |
| 2 | Shark | Shark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Bay | compound |
| 3 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 wear | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Australia | punct |
| 5 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Bay | nmod:unmarked |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Bay | punct |
| 7 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 dolphins | det |
| 8 | dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wear | nsubj |
| 9 | wear | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 called | parataxis |
| 10 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sponges | compound |
| 11 | sponges | sponge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wear | obj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 snouts | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 snouts | nmod:poss |
| 14 | snouts | snout | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wear | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 protect | mark |
| 16 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 wear | advcl |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 protect | obj |
| 18 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 20 poke | mark |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 poke | nsubj |
| 20 | poke | poke | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 protect | advcl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 sand | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 sand | det |
| 23 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 poke | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 pass | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 pass | cc |
| 26 | mothers | mother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 pass | nsubj |
| 27 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 wear | conj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 trick | det |
| 29 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 pass | obj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 young | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 young | nmod:poss |
| 32 | young | young | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 pass | obl |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 habit | punct |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 habit | det |
| 35 | habit | habit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 called | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 habit | acl |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 others | case |
| 38 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 learned | obl |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 called | aux:pass |
| 40 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 41 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 called | xcomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 wear | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear | present | some dolphins | sea sponges | Shark Bay Australia | on Dolphins's snouts | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sponge=Theme | ||
| 2 | protect | to-infinitive | some dolphins not said here | Dolphins = dolphin | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | poke | present | Dolphins = dolphin | the sand | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent in sand=Location | ||||
| 4 | pass | present | mothers | the trick | Dolphins's young | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent trick=Theme to young=Recipient | |||
| 5 | learn | participle | a habit not said here | others | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from other=Source | ||||
| 6 | call speech: assert | present · passive | a habit | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/6/