Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges, sentence 8

Leafcutter ants do not eat leaves; they chew them to grow a fungus garden and eat the fungus, and they farmed long before people did.

Who acts: Leafcutter ants, leaves, wings · What happens: not eat, chew, grow, eat, farm · To what, where: leaves, wings, fungus garden, fungus

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leafcutter ants, leaves, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leafcutter	leafcutter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ants	compound
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 eat	nsubj
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 eat	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 eat	advmod
5	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 eat	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 chew	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 chew	nsubj
9	chew	chew	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 eat	parataxis
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 chew	obj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 grow	mark
12	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 chew	advcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 garden	det
14	fungus	fungus	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 garden	compound
15	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 grow	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 eat	cc
17	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 grow	conj
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 fungus	det
19	fungus	fungus	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 eat	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 farmed	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 farmed	cc
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 farmed	nsubj
23	farmed	farm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 eat	conj
24	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	23 farmed	advmod
25	before	before	SCONJ	_	27 did	mark
26	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 did	nsubj
27	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 farmed	advcl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 eat	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not eat	present · do-support	Leafcutter ants	leaves		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
2	chew	present	leaves = leaf	wings = wing		vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	grow	to-infinitive	leaves = leaf not said here	a fungus garden		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location garden=Theme
4	eat	infinitive	leaves = leaf not said here	the fungus		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Patient
5	farm	past	wings = wing		long property	vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/8/