Wolves and dogs, sentence 16
Never approach a strange dog or a wild animal, because even friendly-looking ones may bite if scared or protecting food or young; to stroke a dog, ask its owner first and let the dog sniff your hand.
Who acts: you, friendly looking ones, dog · What happens: not approach, look, bite, protect, stroke, ask · To what, where: strange dog, food, dog, owner, hand
This is a sentence of the lesson «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, friendly looking ones, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 2 approach | advmod |
| 2 | approach | approach | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 dog | det |
| 4 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 dog | amod |
| 5 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 approach | obj |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 animal | cc |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 animal | det |
| 8 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 animal | amod |
| 9 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 dog | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 bite | punct |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 18 bite | mark |
| 12 | even | even | ADV | _ | 16 ones | advmod |
| 13 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 ones | amod |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 friendly | punct |
| 15 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 ones | amod |
| 16 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 bite | nsubj |
| 17 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 bite | aux |
| 18 | bite | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 approach | advcl |
| 19 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 20 scared | mark |
| 20 | scared | scared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 bite | advcl |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 protecting | cc |
| 22 | protecting | protect | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 scared | conj |
| 23 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 protecting | obj |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 young | cc |
| 25 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 food | conj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 stroke | punct |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 stroke | mark |
| 28 | stroke | stroke | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 approach | conj |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 dog | det |
| 30 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stroke | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 ask | punct |
| 32 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 approach | conj |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 owner | nmod:poss |
| 34 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ask | obj |
| 35 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 32 ask | advmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 let | cc |
| 37 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 32 ask | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 dog | det |
| 39 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 sniff | nsubj |
| 40 | sniff | sniff | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 let | xcomp |
| 41 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 hand | nmod:poss |
| 42 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 sniff | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 approach | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not approach | imperative | you not said here | a strange dog or a wild animal | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | ||||
| 2 | look | gerund | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | bite | may | friendly looking ones | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | protect | gerund | friendly looking ones not said here | food | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Beneficiary | ||||
| 5 | stroke | to-infinitive | you not said here | a dog | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | infinitive | you not said here | dog's owner | first property | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent owner=Recipient | |||
| 7 | let | infinitive | you not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | sniff | infinitive | the dog | your hand | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/16/