Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 0
A horse is a runner built to escape: four long legs, each ending in a single giant toe whose hoof is a huge toenail, eyes on the sides of its head that see almost all the way round, and a big heart and lungs for galloping.
Who acts: horse, four long legs, hoof, sides · What happens: be, build, escape, end, see, gallop · To what, where: runner, single giant toe, huge toenail
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, four long legs, hoof, sides), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 horse | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 runner | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 runner | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 runner | det |
| 5 | runner | runner | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 runner | acl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 escape | mark |
| 8 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 built | advcl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 legs | punct |
| 10 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 legs | nummod |
| 11 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 legs | amod |
| 12 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 runner | appos |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 ending | punct |
| 14 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 ending | det |
| 15 | ending | end | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 legs | acl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 toe | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 toe | det |
| 18 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 toe | amod |
| 19 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 toe | amod |
| 20 | toe | toe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 ending | obl |
| 21 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 22 hoof | nmod:poss |
| 22 | hoof | hoof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 toenail | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 toenail | cop |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 toenail | det |
| 25 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 toenail | amod |
| 26 | toenail | toenail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 toe | acl:relcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 eyes | punct |
| 28 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 legs | conj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 sides | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 sides | det |
| 31 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 eyes | nmod |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 head | case |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 head | nmod:poss |
| 34 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sides | nmod |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 see | nsubj |
| 36 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 sides | acl:relcl |
| 37 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 38 all | advmod |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 40 way | det:predet |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 way | det |
| 40 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 see | ccomp |
| 41 | round | round | ADV | _ | 36 see | advmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 heart | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 heart | cc |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 heart | det |
| 45 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 heart | amod |
| 46 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 legs | conj |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 lungs | cc |
| 48 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 heart | conj |
| 49 | for | for | ADP | _ | 50 galloping | case |
| 50 | galloping | gallop | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 46 heart | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 runner | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a horse | a runner | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | build | participle | a runner not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | escape | to-infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | end | gerund | four long legs and eyes on the sides of hoof's head and a big heart and lungs not said here | a single giant toe | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | a huge toenail's hoof | a huge toenail | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | see | present | the sides of hoof's head | round property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | gallop | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/0/