Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 1
It can even doze standing up, because its legs lock with a system called the stay apparatus, so it is ready to run the moment a predator appears.
Who acts: hoof, legs, system, it, predator · What happens: doze, stand up, lock, call, be, run · To what, where: stay apparatus, moment · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoof, legs, system, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 doze | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 doze | aux |
| 3 | even | even | ADV | _ | 4 doze | advmod |
| 4 | doze | doze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 doze | advcl |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 standing | compound:prt |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 lock | punct |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 lock | mark |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 legs | nmod:poss |
| 10 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 lock | nsubj |
| 11 | lock | lock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 doze | advcl |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 system | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 system | det |
| 14 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lock | obl |
| 15 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 system | acl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 apparatus | det |
| 17 | stay | stay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 apparatus | compound |
| 18 | apparatus | apparatus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 called | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 ready | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 ready | advmod |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 ready | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 ready | cop |
| 23 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 doze | conj |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 run | mark |
| 25 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 ready | xcomp |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 moment | det |
| 27 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 run | obj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 predator | det |
| 29 | predator | predator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 appears | nsubj |
| 30 | appears | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 moment | acl:relcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 doze | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | doze | can | hoof | vn snooze-40.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | stand up | gerund | hoof not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | lock | present | hoof's legs | with a system | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | a system not said here | the stay apparatus | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | is | present | it | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | run | to-infinitive | moment | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | appear | present | a predator | the moment not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location moment=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/1/