Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 2
Its cousins are the zebra, black-skinned with white stripes that seem to confuse biting flies, and the donkey, a desert animal with long ears and a hee-haw bray that carries about 3 kilometres.
Who acts: cousins, white stripes, haw bray · What happens: be, seem, confuse, bite, carry · To what, where: zebra, biting flies, 3 kilometres
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cousins, white stripes, haw bray), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 cousins | nmod:poss |
| 2 | cousins | cousin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 zebra | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 zebra | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 zebra | det |
| 5 | zebra | zebra | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 skinned | punct |
| 7 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 skinned | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 black | punct |
| 9 | skinned | skinned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 zebra | appos |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 stripes | case |
| 11 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 stripes | amod |
| 12 | stripes | stripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 skinned | obl |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 seem | nsubj |
| 14 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 stripes | acl:relcl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 confuse | mark |
| 16 | confuse | confuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 seem | xcomp |
| 17 | biting | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 flies | amod |
| 18 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 confuse | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 donkey | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 donkey | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 donkey | det |
| 22 | donkey | donkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 zebra | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 animal | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 animal | det |
| 25 | desert | desert | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 animal | amod |
| 26 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 donkey | appos |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 ears | case |
| 28 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 ears | amod |
| 29 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 animal | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 bray | cc |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 bray | det |
| 32 | hee | hee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 haw | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 hee | punct |
| 34 | haw | haw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 bray | compound |
| 35 | bray | bray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ears | conj |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 carries | nsubj |
| 37 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 bray | acl:relcl |
| 38 | about | about | ADV | _ | 39 3 | advmod |
| 39 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 40 kilometres | nummod |
| 40 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 carries | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 zebra | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | hoof's cousins | the zebra and the donkey | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | seem | present | white stripes | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | confuse | to-infinitive | white stripes not said here | biting flies | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Patient | ||||
| 4 | bite | gerund | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | carry | present | a haw bray | 3 kilometres | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/2/