Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 3

Old paintings and cartoons show a galloping horse with its front legs stretched forwards and back legs stretched back like a rocking horse; Eadweard Muybridge's photographs in 1878 showed that all four feet do leave the ground, but with the legs tucked under the body.

Who acts: Old paintings, photographs, four feet · What happens: show, gallop, stretch, stretch back, rocking, leave · To what, where: galloping horse, front legs, ground, legs, body · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old paintings, photographs, four feet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 paintings	amod
2	paintings	painting	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 show	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 cartoons	cc
4	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 paintings	conj
5	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 horse	det
7	galloping	gallop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 horse	amod
8	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 show	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	12 legs	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 legs	nmod:poss
11	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 legs	amod
12	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 horse	nmod
13	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 legs	acl
14	forwards	forwards	ADV	_	13 stretched	advmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 legs	cc
16	back	back	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 legs	amod
17	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 legs	conj
18	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 legs	acl
19	back	back	ADV	_	18 stretched	advmod
20	like	like	ADP	_	23 horse	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 horse	det
22	rocking	rocking	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 horse	amod
23	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 stretched	obl
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 showed	punct
25	Eadweard	Eadweard	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 photographs	nmod:poss
26	Muybridge	Muybridge	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Eadweard	flat
27	's	's	PART	_	25 Eadweard	case
28	photographs	photograph	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 showed	nsubj
29	in	in	ADP	_	30 1878	case
30	1878	1878	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	28 photographs	nmod
31	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 show	parataxis
32	that	that	SCONJ	_	37 leave	mark
33	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	35 feet	det:predet
34	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	35 feet	nummod
35	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 leave	nsubj
36	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 leave	aux
37	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 showed	ccomp
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 ground	det
39	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 leave	obj
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 tucked	punct
41	but	but	CCONJ	_	45 tucked	cc
42	with	with	ADP	_	44 legs	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 legs	det
44	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 tucked	nsubj:pass
45	tucked	tuck	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 show	conj
46	under	under	ADP	_	48 body	case
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 body	det
48	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 tucked	obl
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 show	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	show	present	Old paintings and cartoons		a galloping horse		with horse's front legs and back legs	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient
2	gallop	gerund						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	stretch	participle		horse's front legs and back legs not said here			forwards property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	stretch back	participle		horse's front legs and back legs not said here			like a rocking horse	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	rocking	gerund						tree rules
6	show	past	Eadweard's photographs in 1878					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
7	leave	present · do-support	all four feet	the ground				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Theme
8	tuck	participle · passive		the legs		the body		vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme under body=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/3/