Team players and partners: meerkats, naked mole rats, huddles, cleaners (and do lemmings jump?), sentence 12

Male emperor penguins huddle in thousands, each with an egg on his feet under a warm fold of belly skin, taking turns at the cold edge; inside the huddle it can be more than 20 degrees warmer than outside, and the fathers eat nothing for about two months.

Who acts: Male emperor penguins, huddle, fathers · What happens: huddle, take, be, eat · To what, where: thousands, turns, cold edge, huddle, nothing

This is a sentence of the lesson «Team players and partners: meerkats, naked mole rats, huddles, cleaners (and do lemmings jump?)» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male emperor penguins, huddle, fathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 penguins	amod
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 penguins	compound
3	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 huddle	nsubj
4	huddle	huddle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 thousands	case
6	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 huddle	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 each	punct
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 penguins	appos
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 egg	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 egg	det
11	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 each	nmod
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 feet	case
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 feet	nmod:poss
14	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 egg	nmod
15	under	under	ADP	_	18 fold	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 fold	det
17	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 fold	amod
18	fold	fold	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 feet	nmod
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 skin	case
20	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 skin	compound
21	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 fold	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 taking	punct
23	taking	take	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 huddle	advcl
24	turns	turn	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 taking	obj
25	at	at	ADP	_	28 edge	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 edge	det
27	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 edge	amod
28	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 taking	obl
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	40 warmer	punct
30	inside	inside	ADP	_	32 huddle	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 huddle	det
32	huddle	huddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 more	obl
33	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 more	nsubj
34	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 more	aux
35	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	36 more	cop
36	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	38 20	advmod
37	than	than	ADP	_	36 more	fixed
38	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	39 degrees	nummod
39	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 warmer	obl:unmarked
40	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 huddle	parataxis
41	than	than	ADP	_	42 outside	case
42	outside	outside	ADV	_	40 warmer	obl
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 eat	punct
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 eat	cc
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 fathers	det
46	fathers	father	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 eat	nsubj
47	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 huddle	conj
48	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	47 eat	obj
49	for	for	ADP	_	52 months	case
50	about	about	ADV	_	51 two	advmod
51	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	52 months	nummod
52	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 eat	obl
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 huddle	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	huddle	present	Male emperor penguins		thousands			vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in thousand=Location
2	take	gerund	Male emperor penguins not said here	turns	the cold edge			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent turn=Theme at edge=Asset
3	is	can	huddle		the huddle		more property	tree rules
4	eat	present	the fathers	nothing		month		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings/12/