Animal builders: termite mounds, weaver birds and other nest makers, sentence 16

Real woodpeckers drill holes to nest and to find insects, and drum on wood to call; their skull is built to soften the blows, and they can hit wood about 20 times a second.

Who acts: Real woodpeckers, woodpeckers · What happens: drill, nest, find, drum, call, build · To what, where: holes, insects, skull, blows, wood · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal builders: termite mounds, weaver birds and other nest makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real woodpeckers, woodpeckers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 woodpeckers	amod
2	woodpeckers	woodpecker	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drill	nsubj
3	drill	drill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drill	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 nest	mark
6	nest	nest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 holes	acl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 find	cc
8	to	to	PART	_	9 find	mark
9	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 nest	conj
10	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 find	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 drum	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 drum	cc
13	drum	drum	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 drill	conj
14	on	on	ADP	_	15 wood	case
15	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 drum	nmod
16	to	to	PART	_	17 call	mark
17	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 drum	advcl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 built	punct
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 skull	nmod:poss
20	skull	skull	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 built	nsubj:pass
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 built	aux:pass
22	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 drill	parataxis
23	to	to	PART	_	24 soften	mark
24	soften	soften	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 built	advcl
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 blows	det
26	blows	blow	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 soften	obj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 hit	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 hit	cc
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 hit	nsubj
30	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 hit	aux
31	hit	hit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 built	parataxis
32	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 hit	obj
33	about	about	ADV	_	34 20	advmod
34	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 times	nummod
35	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 hit	obl:unmarked
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 second	det
37	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	35 times	nmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 drill	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	drill	present	Real woodpeckers	holes			vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient
2	nest	to-infinitive	Real woodpeckers not said here	holes not said here			vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	find	to-infinitive	Real woodpeckers not said here	insects			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Topic
4	drum	present	Real woodpeckers not said here			on wood	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent on wood=Patient
5	call	to-infinitive	Real woodpeckers not said here				vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	build	present · passive		woodpeckers's skull			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
7	soften	to-infinitive		the blows			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent blow=Patient
8	hit	can	woodpeckers = woodpecker	wood	time		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wood=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:243-animal-builders-termite-mounds-weaver-birds-and-other-nest-makers.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/243-animal-builders-termite-mounds-weaver-birds-and-other-nest-makers/16/