Animal builders: termite mounds, weaver birds and other nest makers, sentence 15
The Australian malleefowl lays its eggs in a huge heap of leaves and sand that warms up as it rots; the father tests the heat with his beak and adds or removes sand, and the chicks dig out alone.
Who acts: Australian malleefowl, sand, malleefowl, father, chicks · What happens: lay, warm up, rot, test, add, remove · To what, where: eggs, huge heap, heat, sand
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal builders: termite mounds, weaver birds and other nest makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Australian malleefowl, sand, malleefowl, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 malleefowl | det |
| 2 | Australian | Australian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 malleefowl | amod |
| 3 | malleefowl | malleefowl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lays | nsubj |
| 4 | lays | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 eggs | nmod:poss |
| 6 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lays | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 heap | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 heap | det |
| 9 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 heap | amod |
| 10 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lays | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 leaves | case |
| 12 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 heap | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 sand | cc |
| 14 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 leaves | conj |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 warms | nsubj |
| 16 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 sand | acl:relcl |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 warms | compound:prt |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 rots | mark |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 rots | nsubj |
| 20 | rots | rot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 warms | advcl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 tests | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 father | det |
| 23 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 tests | nsubj |
| 24 | tests | test | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 lays | parataxis |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 heat | det |
| 26 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 tests | obj |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 beak | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 beak | nmod:poss |
| 29 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 tests | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 adds | cc |
| 31 | adds | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 tests | conj |
| 32 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 removes | cc |
| 33 | removes | remove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 adds | conj |
| 34 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 removes | obj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 dig | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 dig | cc |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 chicks | det |
| 38 | chicks | chick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 dig | nsubj |
| 39 | dig | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 lays | conj |
| 40 | out | out | ADP | _ | 39 dig | compound:prt |
| 41 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 39 dig | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lays | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | present | the Australian malleefowl | malleefowl's eggs | a huge heap of leaves and sand | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in heap=Destination | |||
| 2 | warm up | present | sand | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | rot | present | malleefowl | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | test | present | the father | the heat | with father's beak | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | |||
| 5 | add speech: assert | present | the father not said here | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | remove | present | the father not said here | sand | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Theme | ||||
| 7 | dig out | present | the chicks | alone property | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:243-animal-builders-termite-mounds-weaver-birds-and-other-nest-makers.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/243-animal-builders-termite-mounds-weaver-birds-and-other-nest-makers/15/