More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles, sentence 11
A small Japanese pufferfish makes a round sand pattern about two metres wide with its fins; the male builds it to attract a female, and divers saw these circles for years before anyone knew who made them.
Who acts: small Japanese pufferfish, male, divers, anyone · What happens: make, build, attract, see, know · To what, where: round sand pattern, pufferfish, female, circles, divers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small Japanese pufferfish, male, divers, anyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 pufferfish | det |
| 2 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 pufferfish | amod |
| 3 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 pufferfish | amod |
| 4 | pufferfish | pufferfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 makes | nsubj |
| 5 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 pattern | det |
| 7 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 pattern | amod |
| 8 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pattern | compound |
| 9 | pattern | pattern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 makes | obj |
| 10 | about | about | ADV | _ | 11 two | advmod |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 metres | nummod |
| 12 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 pattern | nmod |
| 13 | wide | wide | ADV | _ | 16 fins | advmod |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 fins | case |
| 15 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 fins | nmod:poss |
| 16 | fins | fin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 metres | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 builds | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 male | det |
| 19 | male | male | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 builds | nsubj |
| 20 | builds | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 makes | parataxis |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 builds | obj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 attract | mark |
| 23 | attract | attract | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 builds | advcl |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 female | det |
| 25 | female | female | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 attract | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 saw | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 saw | cc |
| 28 | divers | diver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 saw | nsubj |
| 29 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 makes | conj |
| 30 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 31 circles | det |
| 31 | circles | circle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 saw | obj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 years | case |
| 33 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 saw | obl |
| 34 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 36 knew | mark |
| 35 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 36 knew | nsubj |
| 36 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 saw | advcl |
| 37 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 made | nsubj |
| 38 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 knew | ccomp |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 made | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | a small Japanese pufferfish | a round sand pattern two metres with pufferfish's fins | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pattern=Product | ||||
| 2 | build | present | the male | pufferfish | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | ||||
| 3 | attract | to-infinitive | the male not said here | a female | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent female=Patient | ||||
| 4 | see | past | divers | this circles | year | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer circle=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | know | past | anyone | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | make | past | divers = diver | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/11/