More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles, sentence 9
Chimpanzees and other great apes bend branches into a fresh sleeping nest each night, off the cold ground and away from leopards, and a study found chimp nests had fewer bugs than human beds.
Who acts: Chimpanzees, study, chimp nests · What happens: bend, find, have · To what, where: branches, fresh sleeping nest, fewer bugs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimpanzees, study, chimp nests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chimpanzees | chimpanzee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 bend | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 apes | cc |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 apes | amod |
| 4 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 apes | amod |
| 5 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Chimpanzees | conj |
| 6 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 bend | obj |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 nest | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 nest | det |
| 10 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 nest | amod |
| 11 | sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 nest | compound |
| 12 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bend | obl |
| 13 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 night | det |
| 14 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bend | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 bend | punct |
| 16 | off | off | ADP | _ | 19 ground | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ground | det |
| 18 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 ground | amod |
| 19 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bend | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 away | cc |
| 21 | away | away | ADV | _ | 19 ground | conj |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 leopards | case |
| 23 | leopards | leopard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 away | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 bend | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 found | cc |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 study | det |
| 27 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 found | nsubj |
| 28 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 bend | conj |
| 29 | chimp | chimp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 nests | compound |
| 30 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 had | nsubj |
| 31 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 found | ccomp |
| 32 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 33 bugs | amod |
| 33 | bugs | bug | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 had | obj |
| 34 | than | than | ADP | _ | 36 beds | case |
| 35 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 beds | amod |
| 36 | beds | bed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 bugs | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 bend | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bend | present | Chimpanzees and other great apes | branches | a fresh sleeping nest | night | off the cold ground | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent branch=Material into nest=Product | |
| 2 | find | past | a study | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | have | past | chimp nests | fewer bugs | than human beds | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/9/